Operating System (OS)

Firstly, operating system is system software that manages computer hardware, and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Secondly, OS is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. Thirdly, OS is software that performs all the basic tasks for example file management, process management, handling input and output, and memory management. Moreover, It also controls peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. So, Examples of Operating Systems are Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.

Linux

Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the kernel. Moreover, it is generally packaged in a Linux distribution. It was first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. So, Programming Languages used for its development were C and Assembly Programming Language.

Every Linux-based OS has the Kernal, which is responsible for hardware resources. Also it has a set of software packages that make up the rest of the operating system. Moreover, It is an open-source software which means that the code used to create is free. And it is available publicly to view, edit, and contribute.

Usage of Linux

Just like other Operating systems like Windows and macOS, Linux has also a graphical interface. And for example application software like a word processor, photo editor, and much more are also available for usage. So, Two-thirds of the websites on the Internet are using servers running this OS.

Companies, Developers, and individuals choose this operating system because it is secure, open-source, flexible, and has a large community of users who contributes to its development and support. Furthermore, companies like Canonical, SUSE, and Red Hat, of which offer commercial support.

Moreover, many devices you probably use, such as Smartphones, tablets, digital storage devices, wearables, cameras, and many more devices, also run this OS.

Linux Flavors

There are hundreds of distributions that are actively maintained and are open source for this OS. Some of them are even commercially licensed. To name a few below are some names:

• Debian
• Gentoo
• Ubuntu
• Mint
• Red Hat Enterprise
• CentOS
• Fedora
• Kali Linux

How to use Linux-based OS?

There are two ways by which operating systems can be used which are as follows:

1. Usage from Graphical User Interface (GUI)
2. Usage from Command Line Interface (CLI)

GUI

GUI is a utility which allows users to interact with the system with the help of windows, graphics, icons, etc. It responds to the manipulation of mouse and keyboard.

There are different types of graphical user interfaces: KDE, GNOME, XFCE, LXDE, and MATE.

CLI

CLI or shell is widely used method of using Linux-based operating systems. So, main reason of using CLi is the optimum control it provides over the OS.

Most Used Linux OS CLI Commands

To use the operating system via its CLI or shell, there are some basic commands every user should know. So, We have categorised commands with respect to different domain and areas of usage. Let’s explore some of them.

Linux CLI Commands for Networking

1. ifconfig
2. ip
3. traceroute
4. ss
5. tracepath
6. ping
7. netstat
8. dig
9. arp
10. nslookup
11. host
12. route
13. iwconfig
14. hostname
15. curl or wget
16. whois
17. ifplugstatus
18. iftop
19. tcpdum

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